Dia da Árvore 2011
Neste dia 21 de SETEMBRO , Dia da Árvore, vamos conhecer mais sobre as primeiras árvores que apareceram na Terra e que tornaram possível a vida no nosso planeta. A primeira árvore ou uma das primeiras foi Archaeopteris e como todas as árvores fazem hoje em dia, ela tirava o dióxido de carbono (CO² ) da atmosfera e guardava-o no solo, enterrando suas raízes fortes no chão de rochas há milhões de anos atrás.
A Archaepteris preparou o solo para as plantas menores. As suas folhas protegeram o solo que estava se formando contra a erosão, controlando a chuva e o vento. Quando caiam, as folhas entravam em decomposição e fertilizavam o solo. Os restos das plantas iam para os cursos d’água onde se tornavam plâncton e este plâncton também tirava o CO² da atmosfera.
Da mesma forma que nos alimentamos de verduras ou legumes, as primeiras árvores se alimentavam do dióxido de carbono. A quantidade de CO² na atmosfera da Terra diminuiu muito e as temperaturas na Terra começaram a cair porque o CO2 ,que é um gás de efeito estufa, ficava preso no solo e nas árvores.
Animais grandes que antes ficavam na água onde as temperaturas eram menos quentes começaram a ir para a terra.
Outro efeito positivo do aparecimento das árvores é que ao tirar o dióxido de carbono da atmosfera, houve aumento da camada de ozônio. Os animais podiam ficar na terra porque a camada de ozônio funcionava como que funciona como escudo protetor contra a radiação ultravioleta que em doses altas pode ser mortal. Produzindo e jogando mais oxigênio na atmosfera, a Archaeopteris e outras pequenas plantas possibilitavam aos animais respirar. Foi assim que surgiram os animais vertebrados há 400 milhões de anos.
A Archaeopteris não existe mais, mas no dia da Árvore lembramos dela que começou a nos dar o que mais precisamos na Terra para viver: oxigênio!
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